Topic outline

  • Guide to Precipitation/Coagulation/ Flocculation (P/C/F) Systems

    Credits: 6 PDH

    PDH Course Description:

    Chemical precipitation is the most common technique used for treatment of metal-contaminated waters. Chemical precipitation of heavy metals has long been
    used as the primary method of treating wastewaters in industrial applications, such as metal finishing and plating. Owing to this past success, chemical precipitation is often selected to remediate hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste (HTRW) sites containing ground water contaminated by heavy metals or landfill leachate, or both. For the precipitation process to be effective, an efficient solids removal process must be employed.

    To separate the solid and liquid phases of the wastestream, coagulation, flocculation, and clarification or filtration, or both, are typically used along with precipitation. Precipitation/coagulation/ flocculation (P/C/F) systems are often used as a pre-treatment step to stop metals from interfering with subsequent treatment processes (e.g., UV–oxidation or air stripping). Depending on the required treatment standards, a P/C/F system may also be used as the final stand-alone treatment.

    Topics:

       
    • Overview of P/C/F systems
    • General discussion of theory of precipitation, coagulation and flocculation
    • Precipitation methods
    • Discussion and comparison of coagulants and coagulant aids
    • Pre-design treatability requirements
    • Pre-treatment requirements
    • Operational considerations
    • Equipment requirements
    • Specification preparation

    To take this course:

    1.) Enroll in Course: Click below to enroll:
    (must be logged into your user account)


    2.) Study: Once enrolled, click below to begin the course:

    Download the Study Guide

    3.) Test: Once you've thoroughly read the course materials, please click below to take the final examination.

    Take the final exam

    4.) Certificate: A passing grade of 70% or higher on the exam, is required to receive the certificate of completion for this PDH course.
         NOTE: After the exam is completed, you will need to return to this page, in order to print (download) the certificate of completion.

    Print the Certificate of Completion

    Intended Audience: This course is intended for Wastewater, Hydraulic, Chemical, Environmental, Civil, Water Resources, and other engineers whose job description requires a comprehensive knowledge of wastewater treatment applications and procedures.
    Publication Source: US Corp of Engineers (Unified Facilities Criteria)

    Harlan Bengtson PhD, PE

    • Topic 1